The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.